Electronic certificates for minors
The electronic certificate, such as the one issued by the FNMT , may only be requested by an adult or an emancipated minor. It must be remembered that Spaniards come of age at 18 years of age. Foreigners must prove their age of majority, depending on the country of origin, by means of a certificate from their embassy or consulate.
As for emancipated minors, to request an electronic certificate, they will have to prove their emancipation through a literal certificate from the Civil Registry. If it is a foreign emancipated minor, you must prove this circumstance through the corresponding certificate from your embassy or consulate.
In relation to card certificates such as the electronic signature of the electronic DNI , it should be noted that according to article 1.4 of Royal Decree 1553/2005, of December 23, which regulates the issuance of the national identity document and its electronic signature certificates, allows only Spaniards of legal age and with full capacity to act, the electronic identification of its owner as well as the electronic signature of their documents. In the case of Spaniards who are minors, or who do not have full capacity to act, it establishes that the electronic DNI will only contain the usefulness of electronic identification, for which it will be issued with the respective authentication certificate activated.
Therefore, with the electronic DNI the minor will be able to prove his or her identity by electronic means but will not have the capacity to perform the electronic signature.