8.4.3.1 2018: Research and Development (RT)
Consideration of research and development activities
In accordance with the provisions of article 35 LIS research will be considered to be the original and planned inquiry that seeks to discover new knowledge and a greater understanding in the scientific or technological field.
Development shall be considered the application of the results of research or any other type of scientific knowledge for the manufacture of new materials or products or for the design of new production processes or systems, as well as for the substantial technological improvement of pre-existing materials, products, processes or systems.
The materialization of new products or processes in a plan, scheme or design, as well as the creation of a first non-marketable prototype and initial demonstration projects or pilot projects, will also be considered research and development activity, provided that they cannot be converted or used for industrial applications or for commercial exploitation.
Likewise, the design and preparation of samples for the launch of new products, as well as the conception of advanced software, will be considered research and development activity, provided that it represents significant scientific or technological progress through the development of new theorems and algorithms or operating systems, languages, interfaces and applications intended for the development of new or substantially improved products, processes or services. Software designed to facilitate access to information society services for people with disabilities fall under this concept when they are carried out not for profit. Standard or routine activities related to software maintenance and minor updates are not included.
Carrying out any of these activities will entitle you to a deduction from the full fee under the following conditions:
Deduction base
The basis for the deduction will be the amount of research and development expenses and, where applicable, investments in tangible and intangible fixed assets, excluding real estate and land.
Research and development expenses shall be considered those incurred by the taxpayer, including the depreciation of assets assigned to the aforementioned activities, insofar as they are directly related to said activities and are effectively applied to their performance, being specifically listed individually by project.
The base of the deduction will be reduced by the amount of the subsidies received to promote said activities, and are taxed as income during the tax period.
The investments will be understood to have been made when the capital assets are put into operating condition.
Therefore, only those expenses that are directly attributable to the research and development project will form part of the deduction base, and said deduction cannot be applied to indirect expenses (such as financial expenses, general company structure expenses, among others), nor to all those that, despite having a direct relationship with the aforementioned activity, are not susceptible to individualization, or if said distribution has not been carried out. Therefore, for the proper individualization by projects of the direct expenses incurred in each of them, it is required to specify the concepts and amounts thereof.
(Query DGT V0108-09).
b) Deduction percentages applicable in fiscal year 2018.
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As a general rule , 25 percent of the expenses incurred in the tax period for this concept will be applied.
If the expenses incurred in carrying out research and development activities in the tax period are greater than the average of those incurred in the two previous years, 25 percent will be applied up to said average, and 42 percent on the excess over this average.
Additionally , a deduction of 17 percent of the amount of the entity's personnel expenses corresponding to qualified researchers assigned exclusively to research and development activities may be made.
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deduction of 8 percent may also be applied to investments in tangible and intangible fixed assets, excluding buildings and land, provided that they are exclusively used for research and development activities.
Likewise, it is required that the elements in which the investment is materialized must remain in the taxpayer's assets, except for justified losses, until they fulfill their specific purpose in research and development activities, unless their useful life according to the amortization method, admitted in letter a) of article 12.1 of the LIS, which is applied, is less.