List of countries and territories classified as tax havens in Royal Decree 1080/1991 of 5 July

⁽¹⁾ Royal Decree 1080/1991, of 5 July, Official State Gazette of 13, modified by Royal Decree 116/2003, of 31 January, Official State Gazette of 1 February

1. Principality of Andorra ⁽⁷⁾
2. Netherlands Antilles ⁽⁶⁾
3. Aruba ⁽⁶⁾
4. Emirate of the State of Bahrain
5. Sultanate of Brunei
6. Republic of Cyprus ⁽¹⁴⁾
7. United Arab Emirates ⁽²⁾
8. Gibraltar
9. Hong Kong ⁽¹²⁾
10. Anguilla
11. Antigua and Barbuda
12. The Bahamas ⁽⁹⁾
13. Barbados ⁽¹¹⁾
14. Bermuda shorts
15. Cayman Islands
16. Cook Islands
17. Dominican Republic
18. Granada
19. Fiji
20. Guernsey and Jersey Islands (Channel Islands)
21. Jamaica ⁽³⁾
22. Republic of Malta ⁽⁴⁾
23. Falkland Islands
24. Isle of Man
25. Mariana Islands
26. Mauritius
27. Montserrat
28. Republic of Naurú
29. Solomon Islands
30. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
31. Santa Lucia
32. Republic of Trinidad and Tobago ⁽⁵⁾
33. Turks and Caicos Islands
34. Republic of Vanuatu
35. British Virgin Islands
36. United States Virgin Islands
37. Kingdom of Jordan
38. Lebanon
39. Republic of Liberia
40. Principality of Liechtenstein
41. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, as regards the income received by the Companies referred to in paragraph 1 of the Protocol annexed to the Agreement, to avoid double taxation, of 3 June 1986.
42. Macao
43. Monaco Principality
44. Sultanate of Oman ⁽¹⁵⁾
45. Republic of Panama ⁽⁸⁾
46. Republic of San Marino ⁽¹⁰⁾
47. Republic of Seychelles
48. Republic of Singapore ⁽¹³⁾

Notes to the list:

⁽¹⁾ Royal Decree 1080/1991 of 5 July, which determines the countries or territories referred to in the articles 2. section 3, number 4 of Act 17/1991, of 27 May, on Urgent Tax Measures, and 62 of Act 31/1990, of 27 December, on General State Budgets for 1991.  ^(Back)

⁽²⁾ With effect from 02-04-2007, the date of entry into force of the respective agreements to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 23-01-2007), the United Arab Emirates cease to be considered a tax haven.^(Back)

⁽³⁾ With effect from 16-05-2009, the date of entry into force of the respective agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of
12-05-2009), Jamaica is no longer considered a tax haven.^(Back)

⁽⁴⁾ With effect from 12-09-2006, the date of entry into force of the respective agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 07-09-2006), Malta is no longer considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽⁵⁾ With effect from 28-12-2009, the date of entry into force of the respective agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 08-12-2009), the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago ceases to be considered a tax haven.^(Back)

⁽⁶⁾ With effect from 27-01-2010, the date of entry into force of the respective information exchange agreements (Official State Gazette of 24-11-2009), the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba are no longer considered tax havens. The Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist as such on 10-11-2010. From that date, San Martin and Curaçao have the same status as Aruba (they are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but they enjoy independence), while the rest of the islands of the former Dutch Antilles (Saba, San Eustaquio and Bonaire) have become part of the Netherlands. The Agreement signed with the Netherlands Antilles is applicable to San Martin and Curaçao, while the CDI with the Netherlands is applicable to the other three islands. Therefore, none of the islands is currently considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽⁷⁾ With effect from 10-02-2011, the date of entry into force of the agreement for the exchange of information on tax matters (Official State Gazette of 23-11-2010), the Principality of Andorra is no longer considered a tax haven. On 07-12-2015, the Agreement between the Kingdom of Spain and the Principality of Andorra was published in the Official State Gazette for avoid double taxation on income tax and prevent tax evasion and its Protocol, which is done "Ad Referendum" in Andorra Vella on 8 January 2015, which enters into force on 26 February 2016. ^(Back)

⁽⁸⁾ With effect from 25-07-2011, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 04-07-2011), the Republic of Panama ceases to be considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽⁹⁾ Effective from 17-08-2011, the date of entry into force of the information exchange agreement (Official State Gazette of 15-07-2011), The Bahamas is no longer considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹⁰⁾ With effect from 02-08-2011, the date of entry into force of the information exchange agreement (Official State Gazette of 06-06-2011), the Republic of San Marino ceases to be considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹¹⁾ Effective from 14-10-2011, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 14-09-2011), Barbados is no longer considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹²⁾ Effective from 01-04-2013, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 14-04-2012), Hong Kong (China) ceases to be considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹³⁾ With effect from 01-01-2013, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 11-01-2012), the Republic of Singapore ceases to be considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹⁴⁾ With effect from 28-05-2014, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 26-05-2014), the Republic of Cyprus is no longer considered a tax haven. ^(Back)

⁽¹⁵⁾ With effect from 19-9-2015, the date of entry into force of the agreement to avoid double taxation (Official State Gazette of 08-09-2015), the Sultanate of Oman ceases to be considered a tax haven.^(Back)