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Methodology

FAQs

What does this entail?

TheStatistics on housing declared in Personal Income TaxIt is based on the section of Real estate of the annual declaration of the D-100 declaration form for Personal Income Tax submitted by all taxpayers in the Common Tax Regime Territory, incorporating information from the Cadastre, to incorporate the variables specific to the home such as m2, location 

Where do you get the information from?

Two sources of information are used for its preparation: on the one hand, it incorporates certain variables generated in the statistical analysis carried out by the AEAT using the real estate section of the declarations in form D-100 as a source; and on the other, information from the Cadastre, which allows the construction of the "State System of Reference Indices for the Price of Housing Rental (SERPAVI)." 

What type of housing is studied in this statistic?

Only residential dwellings declared in the model are studied. Homes that are fully dedicated to an economic activity are considered not to have this status, so if the home is fully dedicated to an economic activity, it is not included in these statistics. Regarding the other uses of the dwellings, each dwelling is classified into one of the following categories:

  • Usual homes: those that have some use as a habitual residence throughout the year.
  • Rented housing: Those that, without being the habitual residence of their owners throughout the year, are used at some point to obtain income derived from the real estate leasing activity, whether to be used as the habitual residence of the tenant or for other purposes: seasonally, as a student residence, a residence for displaced workers, or for tourist use, etc.
  • Housing available to its owners, generally a second home, but it can also be an empty home with no use.

What is the reason for having multiple uses in a home?

In Personal Income Tax returns, the ownership and use of each property throughout the tax period, percentage of ownership or usufruct, and number of days used for each purpose are recorded.

There are numerous cases of multiple uses of housing. These may arise from co-ownership of the property during the same days, which may result in the same property being the home of one owner and another leasing out their share or keeping it at their disposal; It can also arise from the transfer of ownership of a property during the year, or from a change in use of the same property by the same owner on different days of the year, etc.

Housing is the unit of analysis in this section of the statistics, classified based on all the circumstances relating to it in all the Personal Income Tax returns and taxpayers for the fiscal year.

So, if a home has multiple uses, what happens if the taxpayers reside in different autonomous communities?

The housing classification is carried out in several blocks. There is a global classification for housing based on uses throughout the national territory, and a more restrictive classification is also made within each Autonomous Community (AC), based on the housing corresponding to its declarants and the uses they reflect in their declarations.

In the case of multiple uses, if one of the declarants, a part-owner of a dwelling, resides in one Autonomous Community, and another part-owner of the same dwelling, who is the lessor of his/her part, resides in another Autonomous Community, the same dwelling will appear in the National Total as a habitual and rented dwelling, and, in one Autonomous Community, it will appear as a habitual dwelling, and in the other Autonomous Community, it will appear as a rented dwelling.

What is the relationship between the calculation of the number of equivalent dwellings in the module per declarant of the Personal Income Tax statistics and this statistic of dwellings declared in the Personal Income Tax?

It's the same concept; in both cases, it refers to the percentage of ownership and the period of time the home is used for each purpose.

What are the differences between the cadastral value and the reference value of properties?

The cadastral value of properties is updated, where applicable, by the General State Budget Laws and serves as the tax base for the Property Tax. In the case of urban properties, their review takes place within the framework of collective valuation procedures.
The reference value of real estate is determined annually, simultaneously in all municipalities, and will be used to determine the tax base for the Tax on Property Transfers and Documented Legal Acts, and on Inheritances and Donations.

How is gross profitability obtained? What income is taken into account?

Gross profitability is obtained from the actual rental income relative to the reference value. For the calculation of gross profitability, income is proportional to the number of days the property has been rented. However, to calculate the average monthly rent, the income is increased as if it had been rented out all year and then divided by 12 to obtain monthly data.

How are the average values obtained in each geographical area?

The average values (rent per square meter, square meters, rental days, reference value, gross profitability) in each of the geographical areas are calculated as the arithmetic mean of these values for each of the homes included in that area. This method of calculation assumes that there is no exact equivalence between the published values and those that can be obtained with formulas. Thus, for example, the published monthly m2 rent cannot coincide with a monthly m2 rent that is calculated as a quotient of the average monthly rent and the average m2.